Global Value Chains (GVCs) are a dominant feature of the world economy that impact growth, jobs and development, but numerous challenges remain to ensure that all countries and all firms have the opportunity to participate and benefit, according to a new joint report from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organisation (WTO) and World Bank Group (WBG).
Global Value Chains: Challenges, Opportunities and Implications for Policy, presented on the eve of the G20 Trade Ministers Meeting in Sydney, argues that success in international markets depends as much on the capacity to import high-quality inputs as the capacity to export: in an increasingly inter-connected global economy where more than 70% of trade is in intermediate goods and services, integration into GVCs today will determine future trade and FDI patterns as well as growth opportunities.
The report outlines how the rise of GVCs has produced a new "trade-investment-services-know-how nexus" encompassing trade in intermediate inputs, the movement of capital and ideas and the growing demand for services to coordinate dispersed production locations. It highlights how interconnected economies are today, while pointing out the risk of policies which inhibit participation in GVCs, such as various forms of trade and investment restrictions. It also underscores the need for complementary policies, such as those that boost education and skills, to improve the ability of firms, and in particular those in less developed economies, to participate in and benefit from GVCs.
Presentation of the OECD WTO WB joint report on Global Value Chains
"Trade, investment and the development of GVCs are constrained by barriers in the manufacturing and agriculture sectors, a lack of progress in opening service markets, a range of behind-the-border restrictions and the still-unfinished work on trade facilitation," OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría said during the launch of the report with Australian Trade and Investment Minister Andrew Robb. Read Mr. Gurría's speech.
"Australia's G20 Presidency has set a challenging objective of boosting GDP growth by two percentage points above trend over five years. We must put trade at the centre of structural reforms in order to meet these ambitious yet attainable goals," Mr Gurría said.
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